Brewmancy Mac OS

1. Homebrew is a free and open-source software package management system that simplifies the installation of software on Apple's macOS operating system and Linux. The name is intended to suggest the idea of building software on the Mac depending on the user's taste.
2. #showtooltip Keg Smash /cast Double Barrel /cast Keg Smash; This macro will automatically make use of the Double Barrel Honor Talent if you have it selected and cast it at the same time as your Keg Smash whenever the ability is off-cooldown. It will still work even if you do not have this Honor Talent selected and is useful if you would just like to benefit from its passive damage increase.
3. Brew linkapps emacs rm /Applications/Emacs.app osascript -e 'tell application 'Finder' to make alias file to POSIX file '/usr/local/opt/emacs/Emacs.app' at POSIX file '/Applications' and finally take a look at emacs wiki Homebrew has Emacs 25.3 as of October 2017.

1. Brewmancy Mac Os 11
2. Brewmancy Mac Os Catalina
3. Brewmancy Mac Os X

Homebrew requires OS X 10.5+ and the Xcode command line tools. To download the Command Line Utilities, go to and look for your version of 'Command Line Tools (macOS 10.14) for XCode 10', one that doesn't say 'beta'.

How to install brew packages based on XCode, Ruby, Homebrew

• Install Homebrew
• Formulas

This tutorial provides a deep dive of Homebrew,a package manager for Mac OSX (MacOS)that's like other package mangers for Linux:

Step-by-step instructions are provided here to install Homebrew itselfand then install Homebrew packages based on the name of formulae specified for installationin a command such as:

Brewmancy Mac Os 11

brew install wget

DEFINITION: A formula provides instructions on how to install packages andtheir dependencies, such as where to find tar.gzip files for download.

Brew installs packages in its own Cellar directory (folder)and adds symlinks to the /usr/local folder.

Homebrew is the newest and most popular package utility on OSX.

Homebrew's web page is at http://brew.sh

Alternatives to Homebrew

Preparations: XCode CLI

1. Make a full backup of your system right before following these instructions.

2. Open the App Store to install XCode, Apple's IDE for developing Swift and Objective-C to run on iPhones and iPads.

   PROTIP: Apple's App Store only installs .app files. So programs invoked from the command line Terminal (such as gcc) need to be installed a different way.

3. To verify XCode CLI install:

   This message means that it's not installed:

4. Open a Terminal to install XCode CLI:

   If XCode is not already installed, you are prompted to install it:

   Installation is to folder: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/.

   Homebrew requires OS X 10.5+ and the Xcode command line tools.

   To download the Command Line Utilities, go to https://developer.apple.com/download/more/and look for your version of 'Command Line Tools (macOS 10.14) for XCode 10', one that doesn't say 'beta'.

5. Since the El Capitan version of Mac OSX, file permissions in /usr/local have changed,causing error messages such as:

   xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun

   So in a Terminal shell window at any folder:

   sudo chown -R :staff /usr/local

6. Verify installation by getting the version of the GNU Compiler Collection:

   gcc --version

   You should see something like this (for Mojave):

Install Homebrew

Homebrew makes use of Ruby, which comes with macOS.

1. Install Homebrew if you haven't already.

   CAUTION: Don't press Enter on the Terminal until the Download Software dialog reaches 100%.

2. Press the Enter key to the message:
   Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort. then

3. To proceed, enter the root password, or type Ctrl+C to abort.

   NOTE: The download is from
   https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/

   HISTORICAL NOTE: Previously, the Homebrew installer was at
   https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/go/install/

4. Identify where the Homebrew program itself is located:

   The response is the brew executable program at:

   The 'brew' above is a shell script file.

   PROTIP: The '/usr/local' is the default specified by the $HOMEBREW_PREFIX enviornment variable.

5. Identify where the Homebrew program stores packages:

   The response:

   Update Homebrew itself

6. Get Homebrew version:

   The response (at time of writing):

   NOTE: Homebrew is open-sourced at
   https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/Common-Issues.md

7. To update Homebrew itself and its formulas:

   brew update
   brew update

   Yes, run it twice to make sure all dependencies took.

   Each run can take several minutes.

Formulas

Popular formulas

wget

iterm2

htop

geoip

nmap

Search for a formula to install

1. Use an internet browser (such as Google Chrome)to view formula defined in

   • http://braumeister.org provides recent activity.

   Install formula

2. Install the wget command-line utility by formula name (for example, wget):

   brew install wget

   This installs to folder /usr/local/bin/wget.

   See Tips & Tricks on how to use proxy, remove the beer mug emoji, highlighting within editors, etc.

   How many?

3. Get a count of kegs, how many files, and the disk space they take:

   A sample response:

   Where did it go?

4. List where .tar.gz 'bottle' files are downloaded into from the internet:

   DEFINITION: A 'Bottle' is a pre-built binary Keg used for installation instead of building from source.It can be unpacked.

   The response includes your user name, which enablesHomebrew to work without using sudo (elevation to root).

   The equivalent of the above is:

5. List bottles downloaded:

   Examples of responses:

6. List brew formulas installed:

   ls /usr/local/Cellar
   brew list
   brew ls

   The alternative commands above all do the same thing of the same folder,for example:

   There is no response if no brew package has been installed.

7. See one level below one of the above folders for a specific formula,such as openssl:

   Space shooter (gamedevsquest) mac os. It is usually a version number, such as:

   DEFINITION: A 'Keg' is the installation prefix of a formula, such as:

   Packages

8. List brew package .rb (Ruby language) files installed:

   The response is a long list.

9. List brew package folders:

   brew search

   The response is a long list.

Troubleshoot Homebrew

1. Different ways to install weget.

   The above is one of several ways to install the wget command-line utility.

   One way is to install Apple's Xcode.

   Test wget operating:

   cd ~/Downloads
   wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.15.tar.gz

2. Verify brew installation:

   brew doctor

   If you see this message at the top of messages returned:

   The above may occur if curl and nodejs were installed without using homebrew.

   Remove them before installing node and curl using Homebrew:

3. Create symlinks to installations performed manually in Cellar. This allows you to have the flexibility to install things on your own but still have those participate as dependencies in homebrew formulas.

   First, see what exactly will be overwritten, without actually doing it:

   The response is:

   'Keg-only' refers to a formula installed only into the Cellar and not linked into /usr/local, which means most tools will not find it. This is to avoid conflicting with the system version of the same package.

   Alternately, if aswcli is specified for dry-run, the response is:

   brew link

   NOTE: Homebrew installs to the Cellar it then symlinks some of the installation into /usr/local so that other programs can see what's going on.

   A symlink to the active version of a Keg is called an 'opt prefix'.

4. List where a link goes:

   ls -l $(which wget)

   Prune symlinks

   If you see this message:

   A sample response:

5. List formula (package definitions):

   brew edit $FORMULA

   The above command brings you to your default text editor (vim or whatever is specified in the $EDITOR variable).

   Type :q to quit out.

Upgrade brew formulas

1. List brew packages that are obsolete:

   brew outdated

   To stop a specific package from being updated/upgraded,pin it:

   brew pin $FORMULA

   $FORMULA is ???

   To allow that formulae to update again, unpin it.

2. Download and update ALL software packages installed:

   brew upgrade

3. To see which files would be removed as no longer needed:

   brew cleanup -n

   No response if there is nothing to clean. Otherwise, example:

4. To really remove all files no longer needed:

   brew cleanup

   A sample response:

Remove/Uninstalll

PROTIP: Before deleting, identify its dependencies. For example:

So, you've decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac's performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we'll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.

A list of all Mac OS X versions

We'll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it's good to know the basic macOS timeline.

STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation

Given your Mac isn't new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have 'fuel' to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.

Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:

• Uninstall large unused apps
• Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
• Locate the biggest files on your computer:

Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren't comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic 'room cleaners'. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it's most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)

STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download

Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That's why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.

How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store

If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you'll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn't always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:

1. Click the App Store icon.
2. Click Purchases in the top menu.
3. Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
4. Click Download.

This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.

Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer

If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.

Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.

Purchase an older version of Mac operating system

You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.

DEFINITION: A formula provides instructions on how to install packages andtheir dependencies, such as where to find tar.gzip files for download.

Brew installs packages in its own Cellar directory (folder)and adds symlinks to the /usr/local folder.

Homebrew is the newest and most popular package utility on OSX.

Homebrew's web page is at http://brew.sh

Alternatives to Homebrew

Preparations: XCode CLI

1. Make a full backup of your system right before following these instructions.

2. Open the App Store to install XCode, Apple's IDE for developing Swift and Objective-C to run on iPhones and iPads.

   PROTIP: Apple's App Store only installs .app files. So programs invoked from the command line Terminal (such as gcc) need to be installed a different way.

3. To verify XCode CLI install:

   This message means that it's not installed:

4. Open a Terminal to install XCode CLI:

   If XCode is not already installed, you are prompted to install it:

   Installation is to folder: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/.

   Homebrew requires OS X 10.5+ and the Xcode command line tools.

   To download the Command Line Utilities, go to https://developer.apple.com/download/more/and look for your version of 'Command Line Tools (macOS 10.14) for XCode 10', one that doesn't say 'beta'.

5. Since the El Capitan version of Mac OSX, file permissions in /usr/local have changed,causing error messages such as:

   xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun

   So in a Terminal shell window at any folder:

   sudo chown -R :staff /usr/local

6. Verify installation by getting the version of the GNU Compiler Collection:

   gcc --version

   You should see something like this (for Mojave):

Install Homebrew

Homebrew makes use of Ruby, which comes with macOS.

1. Install Homebrew if you haven't already.

   CAUTION: Don't press Enter on the Terminal until the Download Software dialog reaches 100%.

2. Press the Enter key to the message:
   Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort. then

3. To proceed, enter the root password, or type Ctrl+C to abort.

   NOTE: The download is from
   https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/

   HISTORICAL NOTE: Previously, the Homebrew installer was at
   https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/go/install/

4. Identify where the Homebrew program itself is located:

   The response is the brew executable program at:

   The 'brew' above is a shell script file.

   PROTIP: The '/usr/local' is the default specified by the $HOMEBREW_PREFIX enviornment variable.

5. Identify where the Homebrew program stores packages:

   The response:

   Update Homebrew itself

6. Get Homebrew version:

   The response (at time of writing):

   NOTE: Homebrew is open-sourced at
   https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/Common-Issues.md

7. To update Homebrew itself and its formulas:

   brew update
   brew update

   Yes, run it twice to make sure all dependencies took.

   Each run can take several minutes.

Formulas

Popular formulas

wget

iterm2

htop

geoip

nmap

Search for a formula to install

1. Use an internet browser (such as Google Chrome)to view formula defined in

   • http://braumeister.org provides recent activity.

   Install formula

2. Install the wget command-line utility by formula name (for example, wget):

   brew install wget

   This installs to folder /usr/local/bin/wget.

   See Tips & Tricks on how to use proxy, remove the beer mug emoji, highlighting within editors, etc.

   How many?

3. Get a count of kegs, how many files, and the disk space they take:

   A sample response:

   Where did it go?

4. List where .tar.gz 'bottle' files are downloaded into from the internet:

   DEFINITION: A 'Bottle' is a pre-built binary Keg used for installation instead of building from source.It can be unpacked.

   The response includes your user name, which enablesHomebrew to work without using sudo (elevation to root).

   The equivalent of the above is:

5. List bottles downloaded:

   Examples of responses:

6. List brew formulas installed:

   ls /usr/local/Cellar
   brew list
   brew ls

   The alternative commands above all do the same thing of the same folder,for example:

   There is no response if no brew package has been installed.

7. See one level below one of the above folders for a specific formula,such as openssl:

   Space shooter (gamedevsquest) mac os. It is usually a version number, such as:

   DEFINITION: A 'Keg' is the installation prefix of a formula, such as:

   Packages

8. List brew package .rb (Ruby language) files installed:

   The response is a long list.

9. List brew package folders:

   brew search

   The response is a long list.

Troubleshoot Homebrew

1. Different ways to install weget.

   The above is one of several ways to install the wget command-line utility.

   One way is to install Apple's Xcode.

   Test wget operating:

   cd ~/Downloads
   wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.15.tar.gz

2. Verify brew installation:

   brew doctor

   If you see this message at the top of messages returned:

   The above may occur if curl and nodejs were installed without using homebrew.

   Remove them before installing node and curl using Homebrew:

3. Create symlinks to installations performed manually in Cellar. This allows you to have the flexibility to install things on your own but still have those participate as dependencies in homebrew formulas.

   First, see what exactly will be overwritten, without actually doing it:

   The response is:

   'Keg-only' refers to a formula installed only into the Cellar and not linked into /usr/local, which means most tools will not find it. This is to avoid conflicting with the system version of the same package.

   Alternately, if aswcli is specified for dry-run, the response is:

   brew link

   NOTE: Homebrew installs to the Cellar it then symlinks some of the installation into /usr/local so that other programs can see what's going on.

   A symlink to the active version of a Keg is called an 'opt prefix'.

4. List where a link goes:

   ls -l $(which wget)

   Prune symlinks

   If you see this message:

   A sample response:

5. List formula (package definitions):

   brew edit $FORMULA

   The above command brings you to your default text editor (vim or whatever is specified in the $EDITOR variable).

   Type :q to quit out.

Upgrade brew formulas

1. List brew packages that are obsolete:

   brew outdated

   To stop a specific package from being updated/upgraded,pin it:

   brew pin $FORMULA

   $FORMULA is ???

   To allow that formulae to update again, unpin it.

2. Download and update ALL software packages installed:

   brew upgrade

3. To see which files would be removed as no longer needed:

   brew cleanup -n

   No response if there is nothing to clean. Otherwise, example:

4. To really remove all files no longer needed:

   brew cleanup

   A sample response:

Remove/Uninstalll

PROTIP: Before deleting, identify its dependencies. For example:

So, you've decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac's performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we'll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.

A list of all Mac OS X versions

We'll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it's good to know the basic macOS timeline.

STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation

Given your Mac isn't new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have 'fuel' to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.

Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:

• Uninstall large unused apps
• Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
• Locate the biggest files on your computer:

Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren't comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic 'room cleaners'. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it's most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)

STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download

Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That's why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.

How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store

If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you'll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn't always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:

1. Click the App Store icon.
2. Click Purchases in the top menu.
3. Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
4. Click Download.

This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.

Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer

If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.

Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.

Purchase an older version of Mac operating system

You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.

Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8

The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.

How to get macOS El Capitan download

If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it's possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:

1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.

'I can't download an old version of Mac OS X'

If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don't expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.

But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.

After you've completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.

STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive

Brewmancy Mac Os Catalina

The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.

1. Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
2. Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
3. Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
4. Select external drive as a source.
5. Enter your Apple ID.

Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is 'captured' onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.

1. Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
2. Connect the external drive.
3. Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.

Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.

How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions

Brewmancy Mac Os X

If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina

Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).

Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version

If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.